Characteristics of sperm donors and the eligibility rate of screening for sperm donation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the relationship of the characteristics of sperm donors with the results of screening and provide some reference for the screening of sperm donors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We statistically analyzed the screening data about 12 362 sperm donors at the Guangdong Human Sperm Bank from January 2003 to June 2017 and the relationship of the eligibility rate of screening with the donors' age, education, occupation, marriage, and fatherhood.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 12 362 sperm donors, 3 968 (32.1%) met the standards of semen quality and 3 127 (25.3%) filled all the requirements of sperm donation. The eligibility rate of screening was 27.7% in the donors aged 20－24 years, 24.3% in those aged 25－29 years, 23.8% in those aged 30－34 years, and 17.5% in those aged =≥35 years (P < 0.01); 23.5% in the senior high school students, 24% in the junior college students, 25.9% in the undergraduates, and 30.3% in the postgraduates (P < 0.01); 29.3% in the students versus 22.9% in the others (P < 0.01), 41.5% in the married versus 20.7% in the unmarried (P < 0.01), and 45.6% in the fathers versus 20.9% in the childless husbands (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A higher eligibility rate of screening was found among the sperm donors aged <35 years or with a bachelor's or higher degree, particularly among students.</p>

Semen quality of normal fertile men / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the semen quality of confirmed fertile men with the time to pregnancy (TTP) of 12 months or less, and analyze the correlation of semen parameters with TTP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We recruited 1 152 men aged 18 -50 years and with TTP of 12 months. We used questionnaire investigation, physical examination and semen analysis, calculated the normal reference ranges of semen parameters, and analyzed the effects of TTP and other biological characteristics on semen quality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seminal examinations showed that the semen volume was 1.5 ml, sperm concentration 17 million per ml, total sperm number 39 million per ejaculate, total sperm motility 41%, progressive sperm motility 33%, normal sperm morphology 5.0%, sperm vitality 53%, and total number of progressively motile sperm 17 million per ejaculate in the 1 152 subjects. In comparison, the total number of progressively motile sperm was significantly smaller in those aged > or = 35 years (P < 0.01), morphologically normal sperm were markedly less in those with BMI > 25.0 (P < 0.01), and sperm concentration, total number of sperm, morphologically normal sperm rate and total number of progressively motile sperm were remarkably lower in those with BMI < 18. 5 (P < 0.05). Cigarette smoking significantly reduced the sperm volume (P < 0.01), and drinking (> 10 g per week) decreased the sperm volume and the total numbers of sperm, morphologically normal sperm and progressively motile perm (P < 0.05). TTP was negatively correlated with sperm concentration, total number of sperm and total number of progressively motile sperm (P < 0.01). The subjects with sexual abstinence of 5 -7 days showed markedly higher sperm concentration, total number of sperm and total number of progressively motile sperm than others (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In normal fertile men, the fifth centile of semen parameters is close to the WHO normal reference range, TTP is negatively correlated with semen quality, and age, BMI and lifestyle may affect some of the semen parameters.</p>

Application of factor analysis in comprehensive evaluation of semen quality / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the application of factor analysis in comprehensive evaluation of semen quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using factor analysis, we examined the semen samples from normal fertile men and comprehensively evaluated their quality by extracting typical common factors from the sperm parameters, such as semen volume, sperm concentration, total number of sperm, total motility, progressive motility, vitality, sperm morphology, total number of progressive motile sperm, total number of valid progressive motile sperm, teratozoospermia index (TZI), sperm deformity index (SDI), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity (LIN), wobble (WOB), straightness (STR), beat-cross frequency (BCF) and mean angular displacement (MAD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the principle of the cumulative variance contribution rate of 85% or more, we extracted 6 common factors with the cumulative variance contribution rate of 86. 647%, which in sequence represented sperm count, velocity, direction of movement, deformity index, semen volume and normal sperm morphology. The composite factor scores were calculated by the formula of (36.243 * F1 + 23.342 * F2 + 8.910 * F3 + 8.500 * F4 + 5.538 * F5 +4.115 * F6)/ 86.647, with a median of -0.0180. With the 5th percentile as the lower reference limit, 95.1% of the fertile males met the WHO limit for composite factor scores, while only 79.2% of them met the limit for semen parameters (P = 0. 000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the routine detection of sperm parameters, factor analysis or composite factor scores could give a more accurate comprehensive evaluation of semen quality.</p>

Correlation between biological characteristics of volunteer donors and sperm parameters / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between the biological characteristics of volunteer donors and sperm parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sperm parameters were analyzed for 778 primary volunteer donors by CASA system with standard methods recommended by WHO including sperm concentration, motility rate, VCL, VSL, ALH, LIN, STR and BCF, and their biological characteristics were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the volunteer donors, students accounted for more than a third, 89.2 percent were under the age of 35 years, 71.6 percent between 166 and 175 cm in height, 91.7 percent of normal weight and 77.1 percent with college education. The median sperm concentration and motility rate were 107.00 x 10(6)/ml and 75 percent respectively. Age was weakly correlated with such semen indexes as concentration (r = 0.210, P = 0.000) , motility rate (r = 0.213, P = 0.000), volume (r = 0.165, P = 0.002), VAP (r = 0.259, P = 0.000), VSL (r = 0.281, P = 0.000), VCL (r = 0.190, P = 0.000), BCF (r = 0.243, P = 0.000) and LIN (r = 0.192, P = 0.000). The semen indexes of the 26-35 age group were a little better than those of the 20-25. Height showed no correlation to semen indexes. Education and occupation were somewhat related with other sperm parameters (P < 0.01) than ALH (P = 0.695/0.886).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Age, occupation and education bear some correlation with sperm parameters except ALH, while height has none with any of them.</p>

Relationship between early enhanced helical CT and tumor angiogenesis in bladder cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between enhanced degree in the cancer lesion and angiogenesis in the tumor through early manifestations in enhanced helical CT in patients with bladder cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three patients with bladder carcinoma were examined by pelvic plain CT and helical CT scan at peak enhancement of cancer lesion. Histologic grade, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and micro-vascular density (MVD) were analyzed for each resected cancer lesion. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to assess the relationship between CT enhancement and histologic grade, VEGF or MVD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In early enhancing phase of helical CT, different degrees of enhancement were observed in 73 bladder cancer lesions. The difference between average CT attenuation and MVD in different histologic grade cancer lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the CT enhancement and MVD (gamma = 0.936, P < 0.001), histologic grade (gamma = 0.75, P < 0.001), but VEGF of bladder cancer did not correlate with the CT enhancement or MVD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The early enhancement of helical CT enhancement of bladder cancer, showing a positive relation to MVD and histologic grade, can reflect the tumor angiogenesis and blood supply.</p>